Right, the thing is - that the aircraft is moving at 1040 miles per hour - but so is the Earth and the air. Or to put it in another way - to us everything seems stationary.
And that intuition is correct To a first approximation, our laboratories can be treated as an inertial frame of reference.
The aircraft starts at rest in this frame of reference.
Just about the only effect of the Earth's rotation that you notice is that if you were to hang a big pendulum inside or next to your plane - depending on your latitude, you could get effects like this.
Plus of course that the sun and stars seem to rise and set if you can see them.
So, from our point of view it is an almost inertial frame with various subtle slow 24 hour rotational effects.
So to travel at 1000 mph relative to that frame - you have to accelerate.
It doesn't matter that relative to another frame you are at rest.
It's like walking around in a train. If you jump in the air in a train, you are actually doing an amazingly long "long jump" considered from another inertial frame, of someone watching you from the side of the track. But in your own inertial frame all you did is to hop a few inches into the air.
After all relative to another frame we are orbiting the sun at 67,000 mph. And orbiting the galactic centre at another.
And finally, our galaxy is attracted towards the Virgo cluster of galaxies and is moving in that direction at a phenomenal 14 million miles per hour (but distances are so vast we don't need to worry that we are going to get there any time soon, or at all).
The "Great Attractor": What is the Milky Way Speeding Towards at 14 Million MPH?
So if you jump a few inches in the air, you actually move just short of 4,000 miles every second towards the great attractor, so for someone at rest relative to the great attractor, yours is a very long jump :).
Now, though the Earth's spin makes no difference to us in most situations, it does have some effects.
That's why they launch rockets in the direction of the Earth's spin - that thousand miles per hour could make all the difference between getting into orbit or not, and at any rate saves you a fair bit of fuel.
That's also why the US launches its rockets from the furthest south place it can, Florida, so close to the equator so get as much benefit as it can from the Earth's spin - at least I assume that's why - it wouldn't make too much sense to launch from New York say if you can launch from Florida.
Though - being able to launch over relatively open sea for safety considerations is an important factor.
An easy way to remember the direction is that from Florida you launch towards the open Atlantic.
Another way to remember it: When we see the sun set in the west, is because the Earth's surface is rushing away from it towards the East. So the Earth spins from West to East.
That is also why it was an elementary mistake in Gravity (how did they miss it?) that they show the debris moving East to West, in the opposite direction to the Earth's spin.
Russia launches from much further north than US so has a slight disadvantage there.
Oh and returning to your original question - as soon as your plane begins to take off - even when the wheels are still on the ground - but the propellers or the jet engines have started to move it - then what matters is air speed.
Thing is - once it starts to move through the air, powered by jet or propeller - then all you can do with your treadmill is to spin the wheels up or slow them down or reverse spin them etc.
This has no effect on the plane unless it has the wheel brakes on or a huge amount of friction in the wheel hubs.
Speed relative to the ground no longer makes any difference at all, as soon as it has started to use its engines to move it through the air.
That's the infamous "plane on a treadmill" argument that has sparked numerous internet debates and probably tens or hundreds of thousands of words of discussion.
So if you were flying in the upper Venus atmosphere - which has a strong circulation pattern, hugely fast winds that go round the planet in 48 hours - then your hovering plane would go round Venus in 48 hours even though its rotation period is 243 Earth days.
While if you hover on the Earth - depends on the winds. Get up to the jet stream or in the trade winds and you may move at quite a speed.
Speeds between 57 mph and 247 mph. Airplanes fly in the Jet stream
If it is a calm day then you just hover on the spot.
So the plane's engines drive it along relative to the air rather than the ground. That happens as soon as it releases its brakes and starts to move along the runway and use its propellers or jet engines, it is immediately moving relative to the air inertial frame, because its wheels just freewheel and are not powered by motors.
While for a car, then its engines drive it relative to the ground inertial frame (well, "quasi inertial frame" because of spin, orbit, great attractor etc).
So that's the main thing that happens when you go air borne.
You can now get this as a kindle book along with many other of my answers, in
Simple Questions - Surprising Answers - In Astronomy
And that intuition is correct To a first approximation, our laboratories can be treated as an inertial frame of reference.
The aircraft starts at rest in this frame of reference.
Just about the only effect of the Earth's rotation that you notice is that if you were to hang a big pendulum inside or next to your plane - depending on your latitude, you could get effects like this.
Plus of course that the sun and stars seem to rise and set if you can see them.
So, from our point of view it is an almost inertial frame with various subtle slow 24 hour rotational effects.
So to travel at 1000 mph relative to that frame - you have to accelerate.
It doesn't matter that relative to another frame you are at rest.
It's like walking around in a train. If you jump in the air in a train, you are actually doing an amazingly long "long jump" considered from another inertial frame, of someone watching you from the side of the track. But in your own inertial frame all you did is to hop a few inches into the air.
MOVING AT MILLIONS OF MILES AN HOUR TOWARDS GREAT ATTRACTOR IN VIRGO
After all relative to another frame we are orbiting the sun at 67,000 mph. And orbiting the galactic centre at another.
And finally, our galaxy is attracted towards the Virgo cluster of galaxies and is moving in that direction at a phenomenal 14 million miles per hour (but distances are so vast we don't need to worry that we are going to get there any time soon, or at all).
The "Great Attractor": What is the Milky Way Speeding Towards at 14 Million MPH?
So if you jump a few inches in the air, you actually move just short of 4,000 miles every second towards the great attractor, so for someone at rest relative to the great attractor, yours is a very long jump :).
Now, though the Earth's spin makes no difference to us in most situations, it does have some effects.
WHY WE LAUNCH SPACESHIPS FROM WEST TO EAST
That's why they launch rockets in the direction of the Earth's spin - that thousand miles per hour could make all the difference between getting into orbit or not, and at any rate saves you a fair bit of fuel.
That's also why the US launches its rockets from the furthest south place it can, Florida, so close to the equator so get as much benefit as it can from the Earth's spin - at least I assume that's why - it wouldn't make too much sense to launch from New York say if you can launch from Florida.
Though - being able to launch over relatively open sea for safety considerations is an important factor.
An easy way to remember the direction is that from Florida you launch towards the open Atlantic.
Another way to remember it: When we see the sun set in the west, is because the Earth's surface is rushing away from it towards the East. So the Earth spins from West to East.
GRAVITY VIDEO MISTAKE
That is also why it was an elementary mistake in Gravity (how did they miss it?) that they show the debris moving East to West, in the opposite direction to the Earth's spin.
Mysteries of #Gravity: Nearly all satellites orbit Earth west to east yet all satellite debris portrayed orbited east to west
(Neil deGrasse Tyson Tweet)
More of his tweets about the film here: Neil deGrasse Tyson Trolled "Gravity" On Twitter, And It's Pretty Hilarious
Russia launches from much further north than US so has a slight disadvantage there.
AIRPLANE ON A TREADMILL
Oh and returning to your original question - as soon as your plane begins to take off - even when the wheels are still on the ground - but the propellers or the jet engines have started to move it - then what matters is air speed.
Thing is - once it starts to move through the air, powered by jet or propeller - then all you can do with your treadmill is to spin the wheels up or slow them down or reverse spin them etc.
This has no effect on the plane unless it has the wheel brakes on or a huge amount of friction in the wheel hubs.
Speed relative to the ground no longer makes any difference at all, as soon as it has started to use its engines to move it through the air.
That's the infamous "plane on a treadmill" argument that has sparked numerous internet debates and probably tens or hundreds of thousands of words of discussion.
UPPER VENUS ATMOSPHERE 48 HOUR HOVER, WITH 243 EARTH DAYS "DAY"
So if you were flying in the upper Venus atmosphere - which has a strong circulation pattern, hugely fast winds that go round the planet in 48 hours - then your hovering plane would go round Venus in 48 hours even though its rotation period is 243 Earth days.
While if you hover on the Earth - depends on the winds. Get up to the jet stream or in the trade winds and you may move at quite a speed.
Speeds between 57 mph and 247 mph. Airplanes fly in the Jet stream
Flights from Tokyo to Los Angeles use the jet stream east bound, and great circle route west bound.
First used in 1952, flight by a Pan Am jet from Tokyo to Honolulu cut the flight time from 18 hours to 11.5 hours by about a third. Popular Mechanics
If it is a calm day then you just hover on the spot.
So the plane's engines drive it along relative to the air rather than the ground. That happens as soon as it releases its brakes and starts to move along the runway and use its propellers or jet engines, it is immediately moving relative to the air inertial frame, because its wheels just freewheel and are not powered by motors.
While for a car, then its engines drive it relative to the ground inertial frame (well, "quasi inertial frame" because of spin, orbit, great attractor etc).
So that's the main thing that happens when you go air borne.
You can now get this as a kindle book along with many other of my answers, in
About the Author
Robert Walker
Writer of articles on Mars and Space issues - Software Developer of Tune Smithy, Bounce Metronome etc.Studied at Wolfson College, Oxford
Lives in Isle of Mull
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