To add to Jerzy Pawlak's answer, there's a list of near to Earth supernova candidates here List of supernova candidates including Eta Carinae and Betelgeuse as well as less well known ones.
However most of those, if you read in detail, are just stars that will go supernova several million years into the future.
Eta Carinae could go off at any moment, theoretically. Which astronomically, means any time in the next few thousand years. It's already had a Supernova impostor event. Supernova Countdown: Giant Star Could Explode Any Day Now
And the history of supernova observations is rather surprising. We get them every few centuries. And just before the invention of the telescope there were quite a few in short succession:
SN 1006 (Chinese and Islamic astronomers spotted it)
SN 1572 and SN 1604 where the last one was observed by Kepler and visible in the daytime for over three weeks.
But none since then. It's not too surprising. Just a few supernovae per millennium. Still quite a big gap since 1604. Coincidentally just before the invention of the telescope.
Now there is one other historical naked eye supernova, but just a dim night time star not in daylight. That's SN 1987A, a supernova in the larger magellanic cloud, which reached magnitude 3, so could be seen with the naked eye, though not especially bright.
Hubble space image of SN1987A showing the complex structure of three rings.
Whittling Away At SN1987A
Since they are visible from such vast distances, we could see another supernova any day, even today. And that's more likely of course than a nearby supernova so we'll probably see many more of these distant supernovae, including distant ones in our own galaxy, before the next close up one. And would need to be a very advanced civilization keeping tabs on all the stars in its galaxy to be able to predict those.
However most of those, if you read in detail, are just stars that will go supernova several million years into the future.
Eta Carinae could go off at any moment, theoretically. Which astronomically, means any time in the next few thousand years. It's already had a Supernova impostor event. Supernova Countdown: Giant Star Could Explode Any Day Now
And the history of supernova observations is rather surprising. We get them every few centuries. And just before the invention of the telescope there were quite a few in short succession:
SN 1006 (Chinese and Islamic astronomers spotted it)
SN 1572 and SN 1604 where the last one was observed by Kepler and visible in the daytime for over three weeks.
But none since then. It's not too surprising. Just a few supernovae per millennium. Still quite a big gap since 1604. Coincidentally just before the invention of the telescope.
Now there is one other historical naked eye supernova, but just a dim night time star not in daylight. That's SN 1987A, a supernova in the larger magellanic cloud, which reached magnitude 3, so could be seen with the naked eye, though not especially bright.
Whittling Away At SN1987A
Since they are visible from such vast distances, we could see another supernova any day, even today. And that's more likely of course than a nearby supernova so we'll probably see many more of these distant supernovae, including distant ones in our own galaxy, before the next close up one. And would need to be a very advanced civilization keeping tabs on all the stars in its galaxy to be able to predict those.
About the Author
Robert Walker
Writer of articles on Mars and Space issues - Software Developer of Tune Smithy, Bounce Metronome etc.Studied at Wolfson College, Oxford
Lives in Isle of Mull
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